Pilot study of trans-oral ultrasonography of temporomandibular joint in oblique sagittal plane / 中华口腔医学杂志

This pilot study aimed to investigate the feasibility of trans-oral ultrasonography of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in oblique sagittal plane. Six volunteers who were receiving residency training at Hainan Hospital of General Hospital of Chinese PLA were recruited into this study, five of them had normal TMJ and one had anterior displaced disc all of which had been confirmed by MRI. A hockey-stick-shaped ultrasound probe was placed between the cheek and maxilla to push against the mucosa lateral to posterior maxillary tuberosity, and every volunteer underwent bilateral scans. The sonographic imaging were completed successfully on the six volunteers; the condyle, the superior and the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle, the disc and the maxillary vein were clearly identified in all the twelve ultrasonographic scans. The feasibility of trans-oral ultrasonography of TMJ in oblique sagittal plane was confirmed.

Retrospective analysis of 4 rare cases of temporomandibular joint disc ossification / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective@#To summarize the clinical manifestation and treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc ossification, providing reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of TMJ disc ossification.@*Methods@#From January 2006 to January 2018, 4 patients with TMJ disc ossification (2 males and 2 females, aged 20-55 years with an average age of 35.5 years) which were admitted to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shenzhen Second People′s Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Ossification of TMJ disc was found in 4 cases during TMJ surgery. Two cases underwent partial ossification resection plus disc reduction and anchorage, and two cases underwent discectomy plus temporalis myofascial flap replacement. The causes, clinical manifestations and surgical effects of TMJ disc ossification were analyzed by comparing the maximal interincisal opening, visual analogue scale (VAS) score and MRI imaging indexes before and after operation.@*Results@#The history of anterior disc displacement of TMJ in 4 patients was long (average 11.5 years). In clinic, TMJ disc ossification was characterized by TMJ pain and limitation of mouth opening. The maximal interincisal opening was (32.1±6.1) mm and the VAS score was (7.3±0.4) before operation. MRI showed that the displaced discs of the affected sides were displaced and the condyle bones were worn. During the operation, ossification of TMJ discs was found yellow and hard, and the original elasticity was lost. Pathologic findings showed that the TMJ disc cartilage were ossified to osteoid tissue. Under the microscope, bone cells scattered around the bone cells and red trabecular bone were seen, and there were bone trabecula formed. In a follow-up of one year, TMJ pain was significantly decreased [VAS: (1.7±0.2)], and the maximal interincisal opening was (38.5±2.2) mm. MRI showed that the TMJ disc returned to normal position, and the sign of repairing and reconstruction of condyle bone could be found.@*Conclusions@#Long term displacement of TMJ disc may cause ossification with pain and limitation of interincisal opening. According to the degree and extent of ossification, partial ossification plus disc reduction and anchorage or discectomy plus temporalis myofascial flap replacement is feasible, and the clinical effects are satisfactory.

Characteristics of MRI and associated pathological features of the condylar cyst like lesions in temporomandibular joint / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective@#To analyze the MRI characteristics and pathological features of the condylar cyst like lesions in temporomandibular joint (TMJ).@*Methods@#The study was conducted retrospectively on TMJ images from 14 patients (2 males, 12 females, aged 10-71) who underwent MRI examinations, from January 2015 to December 2017 at Center for TMD and Orofacial Pain, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology including 2 patients with pathological results. The signals of the lesion, condylar bone and disc-condyle relationship were evaluated.@*Results@#Cyst like lesions of 15 condyles from 14 patients were analyzed. All of the lesions showed hypersignal on T2WI (12/12), while most of them showed hypersignal on T1WI (8/11) and PDWI (11/12). Mostly the lesions were surrounded by hyposignal linear margin (12/15), with normal condylar bone signal (13/15). Disk displacement with reduction was discovered in 3 joints, while disk displacement without reduction was discovered in 8 joints and 4 joints had normal disk-condyle relationships. The pathological components of cyst like lesions included cartilage, loose connective tissue, hemorrhage and bone tissue.@*Conclusions@#Differed from those of large joints like hips or knees, MRI characteristics of cyst like lesions of condyle in TMJ exhibited hypersignal imaging in both T1WI and T2WI, indicating that the components of cyst like lesions included granulation tissue, not fluid.

MRI observation of condylar location and morphology in the patients with temporomandibular disc displacement / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the mandibular condylar location and morphology in the temporomandibular joint disorders.@*Methods@#One hundred thirty-seven TMD patients (age 37.5±16.1 years, male/female=39/98) were performed with MRI scan for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) from November, 2011 to April, 2019 in Department of Radiology,Hainan Hospital of General Hospital of Chinese PLA and General Hospital of Chinese PLA. The patients were classified into 3 groups according the disc displacement: disc without displacement (DWoD) (185 TMJ), disc displacement with reduction (DDWR) (17 TMJ) and disc displacement without reduction (DDWoR) (72 TMJ). The location (anterior position, central position and posterior position) and morphology (oval shape, flat shape and beaklike shape) of the condylar head were observed on the sagittal PDWI, and the long and short axes were measured on the axial T2WI. Another groups were classified into 3 subgroups according to the disc displacement of bilateral TMJ: bilateral normal disc location (biND) (74 cases), unilateral disc displacement (uniDD) (40 cases) and bilateral disc displacement (23 cases). The inter-condyle angle was measured on the axial T2WI.@*Results@#There was no significant difference for the location of condylar head among DWoD, DDWR and DDwoR groups (χ2=7.435, P=0.115). The rate for flat condylar shape was significantly higher in DWoD group [83.9%(115/137)] than that in DDWoR group [50.7%(34/67)], and the rate for beaklike condylar shape was significantly lower in DWoD group [16.1%(22/137)] than that in DDWoR group [49.3%(33/67)] (χ2=23.521, P<0.001). The length of long axis presented significantly longer in DWoD group [(17.2±2.4) mm] than that in DDWR group [(15.4±2.0) mm] and that in DDWoR group [(14.7±2.7) mm] (P<0.05). The length of short axis presented significantly longer in DWoD group [(7.3±1.2) mm] than that in DDWR group [(6.5±1.3) mm] and that in DDWoR group [(6.1±1.4) mm] (P<0.05). The inter-condyle angle presented significantly larger in biND group (136°±13°) and uniDD group (132°±14°) than that inbiDD group (124°±17°) (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The mandibular condylar morphology changes significantly presented in the patients with temporomandibular disc displacement for the temporomandibular disorders.

Clinical value of MRI in treatment choice of anterior disc displacement with reduction / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical value of MRI in treatment choice of anterior disc displacement with reduction. Methods 1.5 T superconducting MR was used to scan bilateral temporomandibular joints in 72 consecutive patients who were diagnosed by MRI as unilateral(66 patients)/bilateral(6 patients) anterior disc displacement with reduction at closed and open mouth. MRI sequences included oblique sagittal T2 weighted image and proton density weighted image, and 78 joints' images were acquired. According to the severity of clinical symptoms, all joints were divided into severe symptom group (45 joints) and mild symptom group (33 joints). Treatment was performed in severe symptom group , while follow up was conducted in mild symptom group. Disk position(angle between posterior margin of the disc and the condyle vertical line), disk morphology(biconcave, biplanar, biconvex, rounded, folded, thick posterior band), and joint effusion (none effusion, mild effusion, moderate effusion, marked effusion) were evaluated by two radiologists. The observer agreement for image evaluation was calculated using Kappa statistics. Group difference in disk position was compared using t-test and Chi-square test was used to compare group difference in disk morphology and joint effusion. Results The Kappa value between two radiologists were 0.816 and 0.832 (P<0.01) on evaluation of disk morphology and joint effusion. Statistical results indicated that the angles between posterior margin of the disc and the condyle vertical line in severe symptom group (54.2 ± 10.9)° were larger than those in mild symptom group (46.4 ± 9.0)° (t=3.37, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in disc deformation incidence between the two groups (χ2=1.18,P=0.277). The common deformation in sever symptom group was thick posterior band (χ2=5.65, P<0.05), and in mild symptom group was biplanar (χ2=5.67, P<0.05). No statistical difference in joint effusion incidence was observed(χ2=1.02,P=0.312). Moderate and marked effusion were more common in sever symptom group than that in mild symptom group (χ2=6.55,P<0.05). Conclusions MRI is a useful tool for making treatment choice in anterior disc displacement with reduction. Treatment should be given when the following occurred on MRI:moderate anterior disc displacement, disc deformation (excepting for biplanar), moderate or marked joint effusion.

MRI analysis of the effect on mandibular retrusion with anterior disc displacement treated by using Herbst appliance / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective@#To investgate the effect of Herbst appliance on the growth and remodeling of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in class Ⅱ patients with mandibular retrusion by using MRI.@*Methods@#Between December 2010 and October 2014, 12 class Ⅱ patients (11-16 years old) with mandibular retrusion were chosen. The patients were divided into two groups. The control group included 7 patients (14 joints) with normal disc condyle relationship and the anterior disc displacement (ADD) group included 5 patients (10 joints) with anterior disc displacement. The MRI images of TMJ were measured, including condylar height, joint space index and disc position ratio, before and after the treatment.@*Results@#The condylar height of the patients in the control group was significantly increased (P<0.001) after treatment, and no significant difference in joint space index (P=0.821) and disc position ratio (P=0.146) was found. The joint space index of the patients ([-14.70±8.82]% and [4.90±11.35]%) in ADD group changed significantly (P<0.001) after treatment, and no significant difference in condylar height (P=0.294) and disc position ratio (P=0.120) was found.@*Conclusions@#The normal disc condyle relationship was beneficial to the reconstruction of the condylar process, and the increase of the condylar height. The condyle moved forward in patients with anterior disc displacement after treatment.

Physical therapy for temporomandibular joint anterior disc displacement without reduction / 中华口腔医学杂志

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDwoR) is a common type of temporomandibular joint disorders. Most patients experience limited mouth opening and joint pain at the same time. The standpoint of physical therapy is the function of the joint instead of the displaced disc. The treatment aims to make symptoms disappeared and joint function regained through 3M techniques, including modality, manual and movement. For ADDwoR patients with limited mouth opening within 2 month, manual therapy may reposition disc and the following splint and movement therapy can maintain disc-condyle relationship. Even so, restoring anatomical relationship is not the end of physical therapy. Enhanced health education and multidisciplinary cooperation are important for successful management of the ADDwoR patients.

Intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid for anterior disc displacement of temporomandibular joint / 中华口腔医学杂志

Anterior disc displacement (ADD) of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is regarded as one of the major findings in temporomandibular disorders (TMD). It is related to joint noise, pain, mandibular dysfunction, degenerative change and osteoarthritis. In the mean time, the pathological changes were found in synovial membrane and synovial fluid. Hyaluronic acid is a principal component of the synovial fluid which plays an important role in nutrition, lubrication, anti-inflammation and cartilage repair. The synthesis, molecule weight, and concentration of hyaluronic acid are decreased during TMD and cause TMJ degenerative changes. The clinical conditions, pathological changes, the mechanism of action for hyaluronic acid and the treatment of anterior disc displacement of TMJ are discussed in this article.

The relationship between temporomandibular joint disc displacement and condylar resorption and the comprehensive treatment protocol / 中华口腔医学杂志

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) anterior disc displacement (ADD) is one of the most common TMJ disease. However, the treatment of ADD have been far from reaching a consensus. In this article, we focused on the following three aspects: ①The relationship between ADD and condylar resorption. ②Whether disc reposition can stop condylar resorption or even make condylar regeneration. ③Proposing a more reasonable treatment pattern, that is TMJ-jaw-occlusion comprehensive treatment protocol.

Adaptive remodeling of temporomandibular joint following anterior disc displacement and treatment decision making / 中华口腔医学杂志

Anterior disc displacement (ADD) of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is one of the common oral diseases. The TMJ can be remodeled after disc displacement. The author's recent studies show that remodeled bilaminar zone is similar to the disc in composition and functions. The remodeled condyle can match the disc-like bilaminar zone. The new disc-condylar relationship can, to a certain extent, restore the function of the TMJ. Based on these studies, the author believes that the adaptive remodeling in TMJ has important guiding significance for clinical treatment and discusses the views of the treatment decision for various stages of temporomandibular disorders.

Displacement and tissue remodeling of temporomandibular joint disc / 中华口腔医学杂志

Sounding takes the highest prevalence of the signs of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The well accepted theory of the mechanism for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounding is the internal derangement typically characterized by disc displacement. However, according to literature, there are approximately one third of asymptomatic joints in population had disc displacement, and, on the other hand, there are one fourth of TMJ sounding patients had not signs or very limited signs of disc displacement. Replacing the displaced disc to the normal position via methods like surgical operation did not achieve satisfactory long-term outcomes. In this review, we discuss and analyze the possible remodeling of the joint disc displacement diagnosed with imaging based on the anatomy and pathophysiology.

Understanding and treatment strategy for disc displacement of temporomandibular disorders / 中华口腔医学杂志

Understanding and treatment strategy for disc displacement of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) were discussed in the present review. It has been strongly recommended by the author that the treatment strategy for disc displacement, one subtype of TMD, should be mainly the reversible conservative treatment methods. The most important goal of treatment for disc displacement is to recover the mobility and function of the joint in order to improve the quality of the patient's life. Comprehensive assessments both from somatic and psychological aspects for each TMD patient are necessary, especially for the patients with chronic pain. Although the role of surgical operative treatments is very limited in the general treatment strategy for TMD, it is still important for a few patients who had definite diagnosis of intra-articular disorders, severe symptoms affecting the quality of patient's life and failed to response to the correct conservative treatments. It should be very careful to treat the TMD patients by surgical operation or irreversible occlusion treatments changing the natural denture of the patient, such as full mouth occlusional reconstruction and extensive adjustment of occlusion.

The images of osteoarthrosis associated with anterior disc displacement without reduction detected by cone-beam CT / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective@#To analyze the radiological characteristics of the condylar bone in patients with anterior disc displacement without reduction of temporomandibular joint using cone-beam CT (CBCT), and to further investigate the clinical factors possibly associated with the early-stage osteoarthritic changes.@*Methods@#Two hundred and four individuals (≤30 years old) diagnosed as unilateral anterior disc displacement without reduction (disease duration≤1 year) were recruited. CBCT images of bilateral condyles were independently evaluated by two assessors and documented. Correlation between the early-stage osteoarthritic (OA) changes and gender, age, disease duration and mouth opening were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 software.@*Results@#About sixty percent were presented with OA changes in the symptomatic joints, and most of them (47.1%) (96/204) were early-stage OA changes characterized by loss of continuity of articular cortex (Ⅰ) and/or surface erosion (Ⅱ). Logistics regression analyses indicated that disease duration (P =0.000) and mouth opening (P =0.002) were correlated significantly with early-stage OA changes.@*Conclusions@#Disc displacement without reduction was closely related to OA occurrence. OA changes occurred in more than half of the patients after one month of the joint locked and more possibly in patients with increased mouth opening.

Morphological changes of goat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into fibrochondrocytes / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Our preliminary studies have shown that basic fibroblast growth factor can induce the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into disc cells of the temporomandibular joint, and for basic fibroblast growth factor, 10μg/L is superior to 5μg/L in col agen synthesis. OBJECTIVE:To observe ultrastructural changes of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after being induced by different concentrations of basic fibroblast growth factor. METHODS:We cultured primary sheep bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and selected passage 3 and 4 cells at good growth state. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were stimulated with 5 and 10μg/L basic fibroblast growth factor and their growth state was observed under inverted phase contrast microscope. Uninduced cells served as controls. The slides with cellcrawling pieces were stained with Safranin O, picrosirius and type I col agen immunohistochemistry at days 7, 14 and 21, respectively. Simultaneously we col ected the cells at day 21 to observe the ultrastructural changes of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After being induced with different concentrations of basic fibroblast growth factor, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were able to differentiate into disc cells of the temporomandibular joint;and after being induced with 10μg/L basic fibroblast growth factor, cells were more like fibroblast-like cells of the temporomandibular joint disc. These findings indicate that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have morphological basis for differentiation to the fibroblast-like cells of the temporomandibular joint disc.

Temporomandibular juint: uncommon adhesion to the condyle of a posteriory displaced disk / Articulação temporomandibular: adesão incomum ao côndilo de um disco deslocado para posterior

The case of a 41-year-old female patient who did not complain of articular pain or clicking (even past clicks) is herein presented. History of relevant diseases, local trauma, or temporomandibular joint surgery were not reported. Clinically, the patient presented jaw opening limitation with deflection of the mandible to the right side without correction of the trajectory at the end of the jaw opening movement. The imaging features led to the diagnosis of partial posterior displacement and adhesion of the disk to the condyle on both sides; as well as condylar hypomobility and apparent adhesion of the disk to the temporal component on the right side. This particular case is probably the first case of bilateral TMJ posterior disk displacement and adhesion to the condyle reported in literature.

Adhesión del disco de la ATM - reporte de un caso / TMJ disk adhesion: a case report

Presentamos un caso de adhesión unilateral del disco de la articulación temporo-mandibular en un paciente de 51 años, sexo femenino, con queja de otalgia bilateral ocasional, de intensidad moderada, a lo largo de los últimos 10 años. La paciente no refirió dolor o ruidos articulares de ninguna naturaleza. Clínicamente, presentaba limitación de apertura bucal, con desvío hacia la izquierda sin corrección de la trayectoria al final del movimiento mandibular. La impresión diagnóstica clínica e imagenológica fue de desplazamiento anterior parcial con reducción del disco articular derecho; y aparente desplazamiento anterior parcial, adhesión del disco articular (“anchored disc phenomenon” - ADP) e hipomovilidad del cóndilo izquierdo

It is reported on a case of a 51-year-old female patient presenting TMJ (temporomandibular joint) disk adhesion on the left side and complaining of otalgia over the last 10 years. The patient did not complain of articular pain or clicking. Clinically, the patient presented jaw opening limitation, with deflection of the mandible to the left side without correction of the trajectory at the end of the jaw opening movement. Our diagnostic impression was partial anterior disk displacement with reduction, for the right side; and elusive partial anterior disk displacement, disk adhesion (“anchored disc phenomenon” - ADP), and hipomobility of the condyle, for the left side

Adesão do disco associada a hipoplasia do côndilo da articulação temporomandibular: relato de caso / Temporomandibular joint disk adhesion associated with condylar hypoplasia: a case report

Relatamos um caso de adesão bilateral do disco associada a hipoplasia do côndilo da articulação temporomandibular acometendo paciente de 17 anos de idade, sexo masculino, com queixa de dor e limitação progressiva de abertura de boca, nos últimos dois anos. O paciente não referia ruídos articulares de qualquer natureza e, clinicamente, apresentava limitação de abertura de boca, com desvio à esquerda sem correção da trajetória ao final do movimento mandibular. Nossa impressão diagnóstica foi de adesão do disco articular (ôfenômeno do disco ancoradoõ) e hipomobilidade do côndilo direito, e adesão do disco articular, hipoplasia e hipomobilidade do côndilo esquerdo.

We report a case of a 17-year-old male patient presenting bilateral disk adhesion associated with condylar hypoplasia on the left side. The patient was complaining of articular pain on both sides and progressive jaw open limitation over the previous two years.The patient did not report articular noise and, clinically, presented jaw opening limitation, with deflection of the mandible to the left side without correction of the trajectory at the end of the jaw opening movement. Our diagnostic impression was: disk adhesion(ôanchored disc phenomenonõ) and limitation of the condyle translation, for the right side, and disk adhesion, condylar hypoplasia, and limitation of the condyle translation, for the left side.

Evaluation of TMJ articular eminence morphology and disc patterns in patients with disc displacement in MRI

The aim of this study was to assess the shape of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) articular eminence and the articular disc configuration and position in patients with disc displacement. TMJ magnetic resonance images (MRI) of 14 patients with bilateral disc displacement without unilateral reduction were analyzed. Articular eminence morphology was characterized as box, sigmoid, flattened, or deformed. Articular disc configuration was divided into biconcave, biplanar, biconvex, hemiconvex or folded, and its position, as "a" (superior), "b" (anterosuperior), "c" (anterior) or "d" (anteroinferior). The images were divided and the sides with disc displacement with reduction (DDWR) and without reduction (DDWOR) were compared. Regarding articular eminence shape, the sigmoid form presented the greatest incidence, followed by the box form, in the DDWR side, although this was not statistically significant. In the DDWOR side, the flattened shape was the most frequent (p = 0.041). As to disc configuration, the biconcave shape was found in 79 percent of the DDWR cases (p = 0.001) and the folded type predominated in 43 percent of the DDWOR cases (p = 0.008). As to disc position, in the DDWR side, "b" (anterosuperior position) was the most frequent (p = 0.001), whereas in the DDWOR side, "d" (anteroinferior position) was the most often observed (p = 0.001). The side of the patient with altered disc configuration and smaller shape of TMJ articular eminence seems to be more likely to develop non-reducing disc displacement as compared to the contralateral side.

Objetivou-se avaliar a morfologia da eminência e a configuração e a posição do disco da articulação temporomandibular (ATM) em pacientes com deslocamento de disco. Foram analisadas imagens por ressonância magnética (IRM) da ATM de 14 pacientes com deslocamento de disco bilateral, sem redução unilateral. A morfologia da eminência articular foi caracterizada como caixa, sigmóide, aplainada e deformada. A configuração do disco articular foi dividida em bicôncava, biplanar, biconvexa, hemiconvexa e dobrada e a sua posição em "a" (superior), "b" (ântero-superior), "c" (anterior) e "d" (ântero-inferior). As imagens foram divididas e comparadas entre o lado com deslocamento de disco com redução (DDCR) e o lado sem redução (DDSR). Quanto à forma da eminência articular, a forma sigmóide foi a mais incidente, seguida da caixa, no lado com DDCR, embora esta diferença não tenha sido estatisticamente significante. No lado com DDSR, a forma aplainada foi a mais freqüente (p = 0,041). Na configuração do disco, a forma bicôncava foi observada em 79 por cento dos casos de DDCR (p = 0,001) e a dobrada em 43 por cento dos casos de DDSR (p = 0,008). Em relação à posição do disco, a posição "b" (ântero-superior) foi a mais freqüente no lado com DDCR (p = 0,001), enquanto que no lado com DDSR, foi a "d" (ântero-inferior) (p = 0,001). O lado do paciente com alteração na configuração do disco e uma forma menor da eminência articular da ATM parece ter mais chance de desenvolver o deslocamento do disco sem redução quando comparado ao outro lado.

Morphologic and positional assessment of temporomandibular joint disk in facial asymmetric patients by magnetic resonance imaging / 대한치과교정학회지

The present study was conducted to examine the morphometrics and function of the disk on both sides among patients with facial asymmetry (FA) and to elucidate plausible correlations between internal derangement (ID) and FA. The sample was composed of 10 males and 27 females with FA. The disk status of all subjects was evaluated by bilateral high resolution magnetic resonance scans in the sagittal (closed and open) and coronal (closed) planes. Five types of disk displacement were identified accordingly. The disk function was diagnosed as normal disk function, disk displacement with reduction, and disk displacement without reduction. The disk shape on sagittal MRI in closed position was classified as bi-concave, biplanar, funnel/hemiconvex, and deformed. The disk position, translation and rotation were also measured. The difference between the shifted side and non-shifted side was analyzed by statistical analysis. Approximately 70% of the patients in the present study showed unilateral or bilateral ID. It was found that anterior disk displacements (ADD), especially rotational ADD, occurred more frequently in the shifted side, while normal disk position was observed mainly in the non-shifted side (p < 0.01). The disk of the shifted side showed significantly deformed configuration and inferior-anterior disk position. However, the disk of the non-deviated side showed hyper-mobility during jaw opening movement. These results demonstrate that in FA patients, the disks status of the shifted side is different from that of the non-shifted side, a phenomenon that could be correlated to facial asymmetry.

Evaluation of the condylar movement on MRI during maximal mouth opening in patients with internal derangement of TMJ: comparison with transcranial view / 대한구강악안면방사선학회지

PURPOSE: To evaluate the condylar movement at maximal mouth opening on MRI in patients with internal derangement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images and transcranial views for 102 TMJs in 51 patients were taken in closed and maximal opening positions, and the amount of condylar movement was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. RESULTS: For MR images, the mean condylar movements were 9.4 mm horizontally, 4.6 mm vertically and 10.9 mm totally, while those for transcranial views were 12.5 mm, 4.6 mm, and 13.7 mm respectively. The condyle moved forward beyond the summit of the articular eminence in 41 TMJs (40.2%) for MR images and 56 TMJs (54.9%) for transcranial views. CONCLUSION: The horizontal and total condylar movements were smaller in MR images than in transcranial views.